Seamounts distribution in the world
Photo: Yesson C. et al., 2011
Seamounts are formed by the topographic rises of the seabed, are extremely dynamic «intersection» zones for sea currents and play an important role in climate regulation through both ocean‐atmosphere and inter‐ocean exchanges.These marine environments, generally formed by volcanoes activities and sometimes associated with ridges, are characterised by their isolation, the lack of sunlight and generally low temperatures which lead to the development of very specific characteristics: highly specific biological assemblages, a very high level of biological endemism (potential for new genetic resources), adapted reproduction strategies, low growth rates (and thus a potential low rate of restoration) and high biomass exploitation potential on the top of seamounts. They provide a high biological productivity zone that sustains fish, sea birds and marine mammal populations and represent a connecting zone for the distribution of tropical and temperate species. These underwater peaks and associated features support highly productive ecosystems and unique species, providing essential ecological services.
With new technology, scientists are only recently able to study these processes and much remains to be learned.
In the framework of the FFEM-SWIO Project, new expeditions at sea will be conducted to improve our scientific knowledge and understanding of seamount ecosystems: MAD-Ridge 2016 (partly funded by FFEM) and Walters Shoal 2017 (fully founded by FFEM).
